Endothelial cell activation on 3D-matrices derived from PDGF-BB-stimulated fibroblasts is mediated by Snail1.

Carcinomas, such as colon cancer, initiate their invasion by rescuing the innate plasticity of both epithelial cells and stromal cells. Although Snail is a transcriptional factor involved in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, in recent years, many studies have also identified the major role of Snail in the activation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast (CAF) cells and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In CAFs, Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor signaling is a major functional determinant. High expression of both SNAI1 and PDGF receptors is associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients, but the mechanism(s) that underlie these connections are not understood. In this study, we demonstrate that PDGF-activated fibroblasts stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) fiber remodeling and deposition. Furthermore, we describe how SNAI1, through the FAK pathway, is a necessary factor for ECM fiber organization. The parallel-oriented fibers are used by endothelial cells as "tracks", facilitating their activation and the creation of tubular structures mimicking in vivo capillary formation. Accordingly, Snail1 expression in fibroblasts was required for the co-adjuvant effect of these cells on matrix remodeling and neoangiogenesis when co-xenografted in nude mice. Finally, in tumor samples from colorectal cancer patients a direct association between stromal SNAI1 expression and the endothelial marker CD34 was observed. In summary, our results advance the understanding of PDGF/SNAI1-activated CAFs in matrix remodeling and angiogenesis stimulation.

Primer tiempo laparoscópico en una cirugía hepática en 2 tiempos / Laparoscopic first stage in a two-stage hepatectomy

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Ruta de reconstrucción gastroentérica tras duodenopancreatectomía: antecólica versus retrocólica / Gastroenteric reconstruction route after pancreaticoduodenectomy: antecolic versus retrocolic

Resumen: El retraso del vaciamiento gástrico (RVG) es una complicación relativamente frecuente tras duodenopancreatectomía cefálica (DPC). Su etiología no está aclarada y se considera que múltiples factores están relacionados con su aparición (hormonales, aparición de otras complicaciones especialmente la fístula pancreática, y de técnica quirúrgica). Entre los aspectos técnicos relacionados con el RVG se ha postulado que la ruta de reconstrucción gastroentérica (antecólica o retrocólica) pudiera modificar la incidencia de RVG. Material y métodos Hemos realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura de los artículos que comparan ambas rutas de reconstrucción tras DPC, encontrando solo 11 artículos: 4 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, un estudio prospectivo y 6 estudios retrospectivos. Las grandes diferencias metodológicas entre ellos no nos han permitido realizar un metaanálisis. Resultados En los 4 estudios aleatorizados, 2 son favorables a la ruta antecólica y 2 no observan diferencias entre ambas. En el único estudio prospectivo, la ruta antecólica obtiene una tasa de RVG muy inferior a la retrocólica. En los estudios retrospectivos, en 4 de ellos la ruta antecólica obtiene una tasa de RVG muy inferior. En otros 2 estudios retrospectivos, los resultados entre ambas rutas son similares, en uno de ellos levemente mejores en la ruta retrocólica. Conclusiones La literatura publicada no permite actualmente determinar que la ruta de reconstrucción gastroentérica se relacione con un menor RVG tras DPC (AU)

Introduction: Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a relatively common complication after cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy (CPD). Its origin is not very clear, and it is believed that its appearance is due to multiple factors (hormones, appearance of other complications, particularly pancreatic fistulas, and the surgical technique). Among the technical aspects associated with DGE, it has been proposed that the route of gastroenteric reconstruction (antecolic or retrocolic) could have an effect on its incidence. Material and methods: A systemic review was made of the literature, searching for articles that compared both reconstruction routes after CPD, finding only 11 (..) (AU)

[Gastroenteric reconstruction route after pancreaticoduodenectomy: antecolic versus retrocolic]. / Ruta de reconstrucción gastroentérica trasduodenopancreatectomía: antecólica versus retrocólica.

INTRODUCTION: Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a relatively common complication after cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy (CPD). Its origin is not very clear, and it is believed that its appearance is due to multiple factors (hormones, appearance of other complications, particularly pancreatic fistulas, and the surgical technique). Among the technical aspects associated with DGE, it has been proposed that the route of gastroenteric reconstruction (antecolic or retrocolic) could have an effect on its incidence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systemic review was made of the literature, searching for articles that compared both reconstruction routes after CPD, finding only 11 articles: 4 randomised clinical trials, one prospective study, and 6 retrospective studies. A meta-analysis could not be performed on them, due to the large methodological differences between them. RESULTS: In the 4 randomised studies, 2 were in favour of the antecolic route, and 2 did not observe any differences between either of them. The antecolic route obtained a much lower DGE rate than the retrocolic one in the only prospective study. In 4 of the retrospective studies the antecolic route obtained a very low rate. The results of both routes were similar in another 2 retrospective studies, with the retrocolic route slightly better in one of them. CONCLUSIONS: Using the published literature, the gastric reconstruction route associated with less DGE after CPD cannot currently be determined.

Resección hepática menor y fenestración mediante abordaje laparoscópico con tres trócares / Minor liver resections and fenestrations using three-trocar laparoscopy

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Ambispective comparative study of two surgical strategies for liver hydatidosis.

AIM: To investigate the morbidity, mortality, recurrence and technical aspects of two distinct surgical strategies that were implemented in successive periods. METHODS: Ninty-two patients with 113 cysts underwent surgical procedures. The study was divided into 2 periods. Data from first period (P1) were compiled retrospectively. The surgical strategy was conservative surgery. The second period (P2) included a prospective study conducted according to a protocol following the criterion that radical procedures should be performed whenever it is technically feasible. RESULTS: Patients of both periods showed no statistically significant differences in age, gender, cyst location or mortality. Among the P2 group, patients exhibited more preoperative jaundice, and cyst size was smaller (P < 0.05). Changes in surgical strategy increased the rate of radical surgery, decreases morbidity and in-hospital stay (P < 0.001). A negative result in P2 was the death of two old patients (4.8%) who had undergone conservative treatments. The rate of radical surgery in P2 was around 75%. CONCLUSION: Radical surgery should be the technique of choice whenever it is feasible, because it diminishes morbidity and in-hospital stay. Conservative surgery must be employed only in selected cases.

Liver metastasis of endometrial stromal sarcoma.

Resection of liver metastases from gynaecological tumours is uncommon. Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) are low incidence gynecological tumours which can originate in previous sites of endometriosis or following metaplasia of the pelvic peritoneal wall, and which are exceptionally associated with liver metastasis. We present a 68-year-old woman with a ESS and metachronic liver metastasis treated by liver resection. There is very little literature on clinical management about liver metastasis from ESS, but extrapolating the data obtained with liver metastasis from sarcomas and uterine tumours, we should recommend resection as this is considered a resectable extrauterine metastasis. In cases with more sites of extrauterine disease, liver resection should also be performed if the other sites are resectable.

Profile of patients with hepatic hydatid disease not treated surgically.

BACKGROUND: hepatic hydatid disease (HHD) is still an important health problem in certain areas of Spain where it is endemic. The treatment of HHD is usually surgical but certain patients are found to be ineligible after assessment for surgery (asymptomatic disease, comorbidity, patient refusal, or other). MATERIAL AND METHODS: description of patients assessed in the Department of Surgery for hepatic hydatid disease. RESULTS: in a group of 70 patients with HHD, 27 patients were not treated surgically (mean age: 72.7 years [range: 47-97], 14 women [51.8%]). The number of cysts presented by these patients was 33, with 1.22 cyst/patient (range: 1-4). The cyst size was 5.5 cm (range: 2.1-12.5 cm). The cysts, according to the WHO classification, were CE1: 3 patients, CE3B: 5 patients, CE4: 10 patients and CE5: 9 patients. The form of presentation was: symptomatic in 9 patients, although only 6 were attributable to HHD (22%) and asymptomatic in 18 patients. In these cases, imaging was performed for study of tumor extension in 6 patients and diverse medical reasons in 12. Only two therapeutic interventions were performed: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with insertion of a bile duct stent, and puncture-aspiration-injection-re-aspiration (PAIR), both in patients who did not wish to undergo surgery.Ten patients had surgical indications: CE1 (3 patients), CE3B (5 patients), CE4 (1 patient), and CE5 (1 patient). The reasons why the patients did not undergo surgical treatment were: refusal (9 patients) and advanced neoplasm (1 patient). Surgery was judged necessary in 5 patients. In the mean follow-up period of 17 months (range: 1-37), no surgery was performed. CONCLUSIONS: there were various causes for not performing surgical intervention of HHD after medical evaluation: asymptomatic patients, older patients, patients with multiple pathologies and oncologic patients. Usually, they were patients who voluntarily chose not to undergo surgery.

Perfil del paciente con hidatidosis hepática al que no se realiza tratamiento quirúrgico / Profile of patients with hepatic hydatid disease not treated surgically

Introducción: la hidatidosis hepática (HH) es todavía un problema sanitario importante en ciertas áreas endémicas en España. El tratamiento es habitualmente quirúrgico pero ciertos pacientes, tras ser valorados por los Servicios de Cirugía, no son intervenidos por un variado conjunto de causas (asintomático, comorbilidades, negativa del paciente,...). Material y métodos: descripción de pacientes valorados en el Servicio de Cirugía de hidatidosis hepática y no intervenidos. Resultados: hemos atendido a 70 pacientes con HH. De ellos, 27 pacientes no fueron intervenidos. Edad media: 72,7 años (rango: 47-97). Catorce eran mujeres (51,8%). El número de quistes que presentaban era 33, con 1,22 quistes/paciente (rango: 1-4). El tamaño del quiste fue 5,5 cm (rango: 2,1-12,5 cm). Los quistes, según la clasificación OMS, eran CE1: 3 pacientes, CE3B: 5, CE4: 10 y CE5: 9. La forma de presentación fue: 9 pacientes sintomáticos, aunque solo 6 atribuibles a la HH (22%) y 18 asintomáticos. En estos se realizó la prueba de imagen por: estudio de extensión de neoplasia (6 pacientes) y en 12 por variadas razones médicas. Solo hemos realizado dos actuaciones terapéuticas: CPRE y colocación de prótesis biliar y una punción-aspiración-inyección-reaspiración (PAIR), ambas en pacientes que no querían ser intervenidos. Diez pacientes tenían indicación quirúrgica: CE1 (3 pacientes), CE3B (5), CE4 (1), y CE5 (1). Las razones porque no se intervinieron fueron: negativa del paciente (9) y neoplasia avanzada (1). Creemos que la cirugía era necesaria en cinco pacientes. En el seguimiento medio efectuado de 17 meses (rango: 1-37) no hemos realizado ninguna cirugía. Conclusiones: las causas de no intervención de HH tras valoración médica son múltiples: pacientes asintomáticos, enfermos ancianos, pluripatólogicos y oncológicos. Habitualmente es el paciente el que voluntariamente decide no intervenirse(AU)

Background: hepatic hydatid disease (HHD) is still an important health problem in certain areas of Spain where it is endemic. The treatment of HHD is usually surgical but certain patients are found to be ineligible after assessment for surgery (asymptomatic disease, comorbidity, patient refusal, or other). Material and methods: description of patients assessed in the Department of Surgery for hepatic hydatid disease. Results: in a group of 70 patients with HHD, 27 patients were not treated surgically (mean age: 72.7 years [range: 47-97], 14 women [51.8%]). The number of cysts presented by these patients was 33, with 1.22 cyst/patient (range: 1-4). The cyst size was 5.5 cm (range: 2.1-12.5 cm). The cysts, according to the WHO classification, were CE1: 3 patients, CE3B: 5 patients, CE4: 10 patients and CE5: 9 patients. The form of presentation was: symptomatic in 9 patients, although only 6 were attributable to HHD (22%) and asymptomatic in 18 patients. In these cases, imaging was performed for study of tumor extension in 6 patients and diverse medical reasons in 12. Only two therapeutic interventions were performed: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with insertion of a bile duct stent, and puncture-aspiration-injection-re-aspiration (PAIR), both in patients who did not wish to undergo surgery. Ten patients had surgical indications: CE1 (3 patients), CE3B (5 patients), CE4 (1 patient), and CE5 (1 patient). The reasons why the patients did not undergo surgical treatment were: refusal (9 patients) and advanced neoplasm (1 patient). Surgery was judged necessary in 5 patients. In the mean follow-up period of 17 months (range: 1-37), no surgery was performed. Conclusions: there were various causes for not performing surgical intervention of HHD after medical evaluation: asymptomatic patients, older patients, patients with multiple pathologies and oncologic patients. Usually, they were patients who voluntarily chose not to undergo surgery(AU)

Extremely high values of CA 19-9 in liver hydatidosis and frank biliary rupture.

Elevation of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 has been observed in jaundiced patients with benign biliary tract diseases. No clear answer has explained that relationship. Patients with liver hydatidosis and frank intrabiliary rupture could present obstructive jaundice due to the presence of liver cyst material in the bile duct. We present two cases of huge elevation of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in jaundiced patients with liver hydatidosis and biliocystic communication, and we assess the different theories presented in the medical literature today.